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Topic: Nitrate vs. newer stocks
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John Pytlak
Film God
Posts: 9987
From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
Registered: Jan 2000
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posted 06-04-2002 08:05 AM
Steve said: "Send it all to me; the Fourth of July is coming." Seriously, if you find nitrate film, DO NOT PROJECT IT, even if it appears to be in good shape. Even if your theatre originally had a nitrate-certified booth, it's likely some of the required safety equipment has been removed or disabled. To reinforce the danger, take another look at Rick Shamel's nitrate fire videos in the "Videos" section. http://www.filmpreservation.org/basics_nitrate.html http://www.clevelandclinic.org/act/frames/chp3/chp3_1.htm If the film is in good condition and you can identify the content, contact some of the established film archives to see if they are interested in preserving the material: http://www.amianet.org/11_Information/Information.html http://www.geocities.com/soho/square/5632/nitrate.html If a film archive wants the material, they will work with you on how to properly (legally) package and ship the film to meet all (DOT) regulations. ------------------ John P. Pytlak, Senior Technical Specialist Worldwide Technical Services, Entertainment Imaging Research Labs, Building 69, Room 7525A Rochester, New York, 14650-1922 USA Tel: +1 585 477 5325 Cell: +1 585 781 4036 Fax: +1 585 722 7243 e-mail: john.pytlak@kodak.com Web site: http://www.kodak.com/go/motion
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Leo Enticknap
Film God
Posts: 7474
From: Loma Linda, CA
Registered: Jul 2000
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posted 06-05-2002 05:55 AM
In reply to Josh and John P, reducing the temperature of nitrate film certainly inhibits (but does not arrest) decomposition, but humidity is important too. As a general rule, the colder and dryer the better (and that goes for other forms of decomposition too, e.g. Eastmancolor fading and deacetylation). The International Federation of Film Archives Preservation Committee recommend the following for nitrate:Temperature: 4°C (39°F) +/-1°C on a daily basis 4°C (39°F) +/-1°C on an annual basis Humidity: 50% +/-2% RH on a daily basis 50% +/-5% RH on an annual basis [Source: FIAF Preservation Commission, Preservation of Moving Images and Sound, 1st ed., September 1989, p. 24.] Domestic fridges can certainly deliver the temperature, but judging by how often I need to switch mine off to defrost it, I'd guess that the humidity is way above 50% RH. Freezing film elements for preservation is done by some archives, though (not many because of the cost). For example, the Imperial War Museum in London freezes original colour elements to inhibit dye fading. Another British example is the Mitchell and Kenyon collection, some 800 reels of nitrate dating from the turn of the last century, which were kept by their owner in (I've been told) domestic deep freeze units until the British Film Institute recently acquired them and started to make polyester preservation dupes. The quality is stunning. But no, I wouldn't want to keep nitrate in the same fridge as my food, either. Quite apart from anything else, all those off-gases would make the beer taste pretty horrid...
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Leo Enticknap
Film God
Posts: 7474
From: Loma Linda, CA
Registered: Jul 2000
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posted 06-06-2002 11:20 AM
Sorry - an afterthought on this thread, should have remembered earlier. Gordon writes: quote: Look at the edge area If it doesn't say SAFETY FILM it is safeer to assume nitrate
But if it says 'safety' do not automatically assume that it isn't nitrate, especially if you can see both 'nitrate' and 'safety' (or 'S') marks between the perforations and the edge of the film. It is possible for footage to be originated on safety negative stock, or duplicated through safety intermediate stock, and then printed onto a nitrate release print. This is especially true of newsreels, where portable cameras were often used which needed to be taken into places where nitrate would not have been safe (e.g. on aircraft or other enclosed spaces). It also holds true for 35mm feature film elements used around the time of the conversion process (roughly 1948-52), because some cinema chains held out for nitrate, requesting nitrate prints from exchanges and labs, until the base was completely withdrawn. This was because they still believed that nitrate was significantly more durable than the new triacetate. So again, a film originated on safety negative could have had nitrate release prints made. Safety film was used quite a lot for pre-print applications, most notably newsreel shooting, long before 1950 - the diacetate and acetate propionate stock available then was a lot more expensive and less durable than nitrate, so it was not used unless there was a special reason, but it was used.
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